Marketing management Essay

Marketing management assignment 1Case studyQuestion for discussion1-give examples of leases, wants, and demand that build a- remain guest demonstrate differentiating each of these three concepts. What are the implications of each on build a- exiles action? The build a- bear caller dejection really differentiating amidst needs, wants, and demand by gives the customer a free choice to create a bear by your own personalization so that the experience that customer need to make a value to the product and to satisfied all kind of customer and what they want ,need or demand .The build a- bear actions are precise precise and perfect because clark never forgetting what is like to be a customer and ask customer about what they want and she thinks like a customer. In every(prenominal) action build a- bear make customer more related and closer by sharing the experience of build a- bear together with your parents. The company achieve to gives to her customer needs, wants, and demand.2- I n detail, describe all facets of Build-A-Bears product. What is being exchanged in a Build-A-Bear transaction? When the children try to build a bear he gets through some station first (choose me) where the child choose unstuffed animal from a bin. At (stuff me) station when the animal comes to life. There is (hear me) station, where customer locate whether or not to includes (voice box) , (stitch me) where the child stitches the animal shut , (fluff me) where the child can give the animal a blow- dry spa treatment, (dress me) filled with accessories galore . Thats better than just buy the teddy or the stuffed animal and go.3- Which of the five marketing management concepts best describes Build-A-Bear Work scab? Build a- bear workshop can be describes as societal marketing.4- Discuss in detail the value that Build-A-Bear creates for its customers?Build a-bear create a strong relationship and makes a value to the product through participating with customer, interact, offering a good experience.They create social environment with child and their parents, its not just a toy shop its a relationship its goal to satisfy you and gives you what you want.5- Is Build-A-Bear likely to be successful in continuing to build customer relationships? Why or why not? YesBecause they always lets customer choose, try, feel, and create an experience, also they build strong, loyal relationship. Build a- bear company always look forward and expanding in their shops ,ideas they also has create web site and game site so they expanding through customer need and opinion . Its not just a toy store its vision that concentrate first on how to satisfy and how to build the concept of customer value creation. I think that build-a- bear will counties growth and earn customer loyalty.

Marijuana and its Legalization

The legality of marijuana has been a hot topic debated upon for years. However, upon close inspection of studies and articles, it is clear that it is in the better by-line of the government to lift the ban on marijuana. The first thing I learned from the inquiry into this issue was that prohibition fails to control the use and production of marijuana. On the contrary, the illegal aspect tickles the curiosity of teenagers, resulting in opportunists seizing this chance to sell marijuana to them.The marijuana is distributed in schools by student dealers who learn to make leisurely money, and these students may be lead into the crime industries. The problem exists in the ubiquitous nature of marijuana and it not be the highest priority of the police. The distribution is not being controlled and neither are sources of the marijuana, which misses the reason of existence for prohibition.In fact, through legalizing marijuana usage, the government substructure earn a plethora of money thr ough taxing, the price can be controlled to be of proper value instead of the underground pricing, and the number of illegal dealers would decrease due to marijuana not being as profitable. In a survey conducted by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, they reported that teens could more readily doorway pot than beer or prescription drugs. What makes alcohol different from marijuana is that alcohol is legal, regulated through age restrictions, and taught in public education ab prohibited its awareness. For instance, in high school, there are no such things as alcohol dealers or tobacco dealers, which leads to the need of a nerve center-man who is of age to buy such products. That middle man is often an older student who has to go out of his way to buy alcohol or tobacco which is a great hassle, whereas marijuana is comfortably found within the student population.People may argue that it is the pure danger of marijuana that led to its prohibi tion, but contrary to popular belief, it is said that marijuana was do illegal in the US for population control of Mexicans and Black people. Harry J. Anslinger, the director of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics remarked that the reason for the ban of marijuana was its effect on the degenerate races. There is no scientific evidence that such known side effects as schizophrenia, heart attacks or cancer are rattling caused by marijuana and therefore the danger of the drug cannot be the reason being illegal.However, due to marijuana passelrs being disoriented and having loss of coordination and logical thought, it would be more reasonable to make certain activities or actions illegal when influenced by marijuana instead, similarly to alcohol. Lastly, the research showed that keeping marijuana illegal is more dearly-won than lobbying it. Apparently the governments War on Drugs results in millions of dollars in losses when locking people related to marijuana in prison, paying for thei r food, housing, health care, attorney fees, and court costs.All this is paid by taxpayer money which are meant for and could be used for other things concerning the country. Also, as stated in the above, the government is missing out on tax opportunities that could be in turn used for more effective drug education programs. If marijuana were legal the government would have oft more money to spend on important problems. Even in our neighbourhoods, hundreds of students are smoking cannabis. Instead of having a large portion of our population having to smoke illegally, it would be more advisable to free the ban and profit from the perks of legalizing marijuana.

3 ways HR professionals support line managers and their staff Essay

RecruitmentThe process of selection and appointment of suitable candidates for jobs in an organisation, in a short traverse and cost effectively manner. The process includes analyzing the requirements of a job, attracting employees to that job, screening and selecting candidates, hiring and integrating the new employee to the company. It is a critical activity not only for the HR function only if also for the line managers and various departments involved.The around eventful responsibility of the HR function is to find the right people for the right position. Defining stains and approaching the target with a view to hire does this. An HR professionals ability to attract new talent that fits the needs of a company, they atomic number 18 trained to be proficient when organising orientation manuals, pre- physical exertion screens and other steps prior to employment of a new hire. Thus the organisation gains the best talents on board be it internally or externally which maximizes t he overall growth.The severalize for us, number one, has always been hiring very smart people. Bill Gates, 1993Training and DevelopmentLearning and development strategy articulates work force capabilities, skills or competencies required and how these can be developed, to ensure the run of a successful organization. The HR function helps in developing the mindset and skills to support the line in its evolution. They ensure that all the employees leave every session with a tangible skill they canput in place immediately when they light to their desk. This gives a competitive advantage and adapt to economic circumstances.These are achieved by conducting seminars, boot camps, master classes and incorporating social media into content to understanding audience behaviours. The HR group up ensures that these are designed and delivered by experts inside business or respected external figures. As key element of an organisations learning strategy they will target the longterm developm ent of those identified as exceptionally high-performing individuals, who are critical to long-term business success. Hence this will widen employees knowledge and helps drives high performance level for a long-term successful business.Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to potpourri the world. Nelson Mandela, 2007Employee EngagementEmployee engagement is a workplace approach designed to ensure that employees are committed to their organizations goals and values, motivated to contribute to organizational success, and are able to simultaneously enhance their own sense of well-being. The HR function makes sure that the employees have an engagement with the organization and engagement with their manager, which automatically increases the competency and results in high performance.They are able to analyze the key drivers of engagement and plan activities or initiatives that will have the gravidest impact of engaging the employees. The HR team engages the employee s by arranging fitness activities, cultural events, mentoring activities, book clubs, family activities, charity run, volunteering activities, visits to other departments, company lunch, etc. This gives an opportunity to a good needed break from their routine, which is requirement for employees. Thus this leads to increased productivity, increased quality, greater innovation and better customer service.On what high-performing companies should be striving to create A great place for great people to do great work. Marilyn Carlson, former CEO of Carlson Companies, 2014The following report tells, as to how HR professionals support line managers and staffCommunicationOrganizational parley refers to the forms and channels of intercourse among employees of organizations. Studies have found a strong relationship between the levels of parley in an organization and job performance and satisfaction. Organizational communication takes place upward, downward and horizontally. The HR functio n helps to bridge the gap between the management and direct employees or vice versa.The HR department has the responsibility to push management at all levels to communicate with employees regarding all matters of concern, including various company actions such(prenominal) as layoffs, promotions and important subject matters such as benefits, company policies and employment stability. Excellent communication between HR personnel and the companys employees keeps them constantly well informed. Employees need to be listened at all times so that it will not demotivate them. Hence communication done with the help of HR function has been shown to be linked to good companys success.The art of communication is the language of leadership James Humes, 2011 achievement ManagementPerformance Management encourages the continuous improvement of business processes and of individuals skills, behaviour and contributions. This evaluation system is an invaluable putz for all business. An annual perf ormance review places all employees on an equal field and allows the managers to see which employees are creating the most value for the organization. HR function plays an important role, by ensuring that theprocess is far, accurate and managed appropriately.It motivates employees and helps in the development of the organization in the right direction. The goals and tasks of managers and employees should be aligned with the business strategy. HR function helps in screen background departmental and individual performance targets, evaluates the whole process to improve effectiveness and also encourage business heads to award the right employee. This is like a key delivery mechanism associated with the management behaviours instrumental in driving performance, such as listening, coaching, communicating and creating relationships based on trust and respect. By giving such support, the line managers and organization will be definitely benefited.A process, which contributes to the effect ive management of individuals and teams in order to achieve high levels of organizational performance. Armstrong M. and Baron A. (2004), Managing Performance Performance Management in action, Institute of Personnel and Development.Job AnalysisDetailed examination of the task, that makes up an employee role also what the job requires in equipment casualty of aptitudes, attitudes, knowledge and skills of an employee. It is the first step in a thorough understanding of the job and forms the basis of job description. Job analysis is important primarily because of its deviate on organisational structure and also the interrelatedness of it and job design. Without detailed information gained from job analysis, structuring an organisation and understanding where potential duplicity occurs in roles and functions will be difficult.Job analysis is used toEstablish and document competencies required for a job.Identify the job-relatedness of the tasks and competencies needed to successfully p erform the job Provide a seminal fluid of legal defensibility of assessment and selection procedures.It allows departments to identify paths of job progression for employees interested in improving their opportunities for career advancement. Thus line managers and heads are encouraged to cite with HR function for guidance at every step in the job analysis process.The entrepreneur builds an enterprise the technician builds a job Michael E. Gerber, (2001), The E-Myth Revisited Why most small business dont work and what to do about it, Harper BusinessHence the HR function would be grateful, if it is still well-kept in the organisation. As mentioned the above functions and roles will improvise the growth of the company.

Eczema Essay

The city grew very fast, and over the next ten years the existence of West Tennessee expanded from 2500 to 100,000. The majority of families at the time took to farming, and with the help of the fertilizable land, Memphis soon became the center for growing and trading cotton fiber in the Southeast. Indeed, cotton became king in Memphis, bringing in black men and women to work laboured labor on plantations. According to the census of 1820, 20% of the populations of Memphis were slaves, and that number is said to have risen throughout the 19th century. Racial tension in Memphis began with its starting time and second mayor.Marcus B. Winchester was the irst mayor of Memphis and is said to have committed political suicide when he married a woman who was a quarter black. The second mayor of Memphis, Isaac Rawlings, had a common-law marriage with black woman, having multiple children with her. These encounters were soci onlyy unacceptable and looked down upon by clean plantation own ers, even though the majority of whites in Memphis at the time favored the gradual emancipation of slaves. As the civil war approached, the black population grew as more black slaves were brought to Memphis to work the cotton fields.During the Civil War, Memphis sided with the Confederates, but it was uickly captured by the gist who strategically wanted the town as the sight of a naval yard. The Union also made Memphis a freedmans colony, and many neighboring black slaves came to Memphis once they were emancipated to partake in education and paid labor. Memphis fell so easily to the Union that most of its infrastructure remained in place. For a brief moment, Memphis became a city of opportunity to black Americans and a place where black communities thrived.Yet as white Memphians saw themselves competing with former slaves, tensions ran high on many of their newly arrived black neighbors in a riot that left forty-six dead, nearly wice that many injured, pentad women raped, approxim ately 100 blacks robbed, and ninety-one homes, four churches, and all twelve black schools destroyed. l The riots did not stop until martial law was declared and troops from Nashville arrived in Memphis to force peace. For a good many years, the black community suffered and struggled to regain prominence, most of them being too poor to move away for new opportunities.With all the schools destroyed, the educational opportunities vanished and the ability of black to become literate and contribute to society became almost impossible. Yet this would not be the only disaster in Memphis. In the 1870s, a series of yellow fever epidemics plagued the city. In 1878, the worst of the yellow fever epidemics hit, and 25,000 people fled. 17,000 contracted the fever and over 5,000 died in the summer of 1878. Of the population that would remain in Memphis, 70% of those would be blacks who were too poor flee.The city of Memphis, which was already in debt, lost much of its tax base and went bankrupt. At the completion of the 1800s and the early 1900s, Memphis would turn around again economically, yet many of the areas social problems would remain. Memphis fared reasonably well in addressing the problems of its white community, but the citys black citizens were shunted aside, their civil rights and their tender dignity subordinated to a cult of white supremacy. 2 Around this time, railroads connected Memphis to the Atlantic Ocean, allowing it to become one of the largest manufacturers and shippers of hardwood in the United States.

Niccolo Machiavelli: About Liberal Countries

Italian philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli in Chapter V of his writing speculates upon political backgrounds of governing the empires and expresses his opinion about the most effective bureau to rule such parts of the empire, which previously were living under own system of laws and regulations. In Machiavellis opinion, the best political strategy to govern such principalities or cities would be fall ining the system of strict condition of the ruler and making new colonies obey the laws which were already existing in the empire. In case if by almost reason it is impossible to hold the new colonies in bondage, the best and the safest way, according to Machiavelli, would be destroying such former liberal regions.He supports this idea with a number of specific historical examples that illustrate the honesty of his hypothesis. Ancient city of Sparta gained control of several colonies, including the cities of Thebes and Athens, but could not dominate there for some coarse period of ti me and eventually lost these cities, because the old order and laws were not abolished.However, the Roman Empire was chase another tactic in such colonies of the Romans as Numantia, Capua and Carthage the old system of laws and social order were raze and new regions were totally placed under the command of the Emperor. That is how the Romans succeeded in keeping those colonies under control for centuries. check to Machiavelli, this phenomenon disregard be explained by the necessity to suppress liberal thoughts and love to freedom of newly acquired colonies, because other than the spirit of liberty will cause the attempts to obtain independence or revenge.The philosopher also points on some advantages and benefits of being governed by some ruler for the colonies. First of all, the experienced head of the empire can establish political and economic order in a colony much easier and more effectively. Besides, the ruler can provide higher national security and protect the nation from possible civil misunderstandings, rebellions or army attacks, and so on.

Arizona vs Grant Case

On August 25, 1999, acting on an anonymous tip that the residence at 2524 North Walnut Avenue was being used to parcel out drugs Tucson police officers Griffith and Reed knocked on the front door and asked to speak to the owner. Gant answered the door and, after identifying himself stated that he expected the owner to return later. The officers left the residence and conducted a records check, which revealed that Gants drivers elapse had been suspended and there was an outstanding warrant for his incumbrance for driving with a suspended license.When the officers returned to the house that level they tack a man near the derriere of the house and a woman in a motor car parked in front of it. later a third officer arrived they arrested the man for providing a false name and the woman for possessing drug paraphernalia. Both arrestees were handcuffed and secured in separate patrol cars when Gant arrived. The officers recognized his car as it entered the driveway and Officer Griff ith confirmed that Gant was the driver by shining a flashlight into the car as it drove by him. Gant parked at the end of the driveway got out of his car and bar the door.Griffith who was about 30 feet away called to Gant, and they approached each different meeting 10 to 12 feet from Gants car. Griffith directly arrested Gant and handcuffed him. Because the some other arrestees were secured in the only patrol cars at the scene Griffith called for backup. When two more officers arrived they locked Gant in the backseat of their fomite. After Gant had been handcuffed and showd in the back of a patrol car two officers lookuped his car One of them found a gun and the other discovered a bag of cocaine in the pocket of a jacket on the backseat.Gant was charged with two offenses self-discipline of a narcotic drug for sale and possession of drug paraphernalia the plastic bag in which the cocaine was found He moved to extirpate the severalize seized from his car on the ground that th e warrantless count violated the Fourth Amendment Among other things Gant argued that Belton did not authorize the wait of his vehicle because he posed no threat to the officers after he was handcuffed in the patrol car and because he was arrested for a traffic offense for which no cause could be found in his vehicle.I think that to founder prepare for such an inquiry officers should focus on articulating the tenableness of all such search based on the following facts and circumstances (1) Distance The distance between the arrestee and the place to be searched. 2) Restraints Whether the arrestee was handcuffed or otherwise restrained what kind of Restraints were used and whether the arrestee was handcuffed in the front or back (3) Display of guns or other weapons by officers Whether the police had weapons drawn or pointed at the arrestee or other suspects (4) Positioning Whether the police were positioned so as to block the arrestee suspects and bystanders from the playing ar ea to be searched. (5) Access The ease of admittance to the area or container itself to include whether a container is open or closed locked or unlocked. 6) Numbers The do of officers present versus the number of arrestees, suspects, or bystanders. (7) Arrestees conduct Attempts made by the suspect before during, or after the arrest to access the area to be searched. (8) Reasonable change in circumstances Do police need to move the arrestee away from a dangerous environment into another private area or stinkpot police articulate a legitimate need to retrieve something such as the arrestees shoes or clothing?Searches of a Vehicle Following Arrest of an Occupant or Recent Occupant Two Potential Justifications Arrestee could access the vehicle Gant held that police tycoon search a vehicle incident to arrest when the arrestee an occupant or modern occupant of the vehicle is unsecured and inside reaching distance of the passenger compartment at the time of the search. The Court not ed, It result be the rare slick in which an officer is unable to fully effectuate an arrest so that a real contingency of access to the arrestees vehicle remains. In such a rare case that an SIA of the passenger compartment would be middling under the Fourth Amendment.Since Chimel justifies this search officers whitethorn search for weapons every evidence of any crime and means of escape. Offense related evidence strength be in the vehicle. Even if the arrestee can no longer access the vehicles passenger compartment the Court held that an SIA will also be permitted when it is priming coatable to conceive evidence relevant to the crime of arrest might be found in the vehicle. In many cases, such as arrests for traffic violations or outstanding arrest warrants there will be no reasonable basis to believe that the vehicle contains relevant evidence of the crime.In other cases however such as arrests for possession of controlled substances the basis of the arrest will supply a n acceptable principle for intrusive the arrestees passenger compartment and any containers inside. In a case where the search is justified by the possibility of locating offense related evidence in the vehicle officers are limited to searching only those places in the passenger compartment where the offense related evidence might be located. How to define the reasonable to believe old-hat? Is it the very(prenominal) as likely cause or is it something less?One must compare the search incident to arrest exception in Gant to another firmly established search warrant exception to find the most likely answer. In U. S. v. Carroll the Supreme Court established the vigorous conveyance exception to the Fourth Amendment search warrant requirement. under this exception an officer may search a readily mobile conveyance without a warrant upon probable cause that it contains evidence or contraband. Once this standard is met the officer may search any area of the vehicle to include the r emains compartment if that area may contain the objects of the search.The rule in a Gant search incident to arrest however first requires a lawful tutelar arrest of an occupant or recent occupant of a vehicle. A search of the passenger compartment incident to arrest is then justified by a reasonable touch sensation that evidence of the crime of arrest might be in the car. If Gants reasonable to believe standard is equal to probable cause then the Court has created an M. C. Escher-like puzzle. An officer who has made a custodial arrest and has a reasonable belief equated to probable cause that evidence of the crime of arrest might be in the car could search only the passenger compartment.An officer who has made no arrest but has probable cause to believe that evidence of any crime is in the car could search the entire vehicle. In other words the officer who meets the higher standard custodial arrest probable cause for particular evidence gets to search less but the officer who meets the lesser standard probable cause for any evidence can search more. At best the Court would have created a new search warrant exception that is instantly swallowed by another that has existed for almost 85 years. The better explanation is that reasonable means. easonable. There is no need to equate reasonable to believe to a voice or particular level of probability in fact the Supreme Court has stated the leaven of reasonableness under the Fourth Amendment is not capable of precise definition or mechanical application. quite a as in issues regarding an officers use of force the proper application of the reasonableness standard requires careful attention to the facts and circumstances of each particular case and must be judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene.The ultimate question should be whether another reasonable officer if confronted with the same facts and circumstances could believe that evidence of the arrestees crime might be found in the vehicl e the arrestee recently occupied. Facts and circumstances leading to such a reasonable belief will include randomness about the offense and the offender the age of the information the nature of the crime at issue the sort of the arrestee before during and after the arrest ownership and control of the vehicle and results of questioning arrestees and occupants.The Court did not dilate upon why it believed vehicles to be special in this context but Justice Scalias concurrence in Thornton from which the language was taken reminds us that motor vehicles are a category of effects which give mount to a reduced expectation of privacy and heightened law enforcement needs. Therefore it appears as though officers may not justify a search of an arrestees non vehicular lunging area based upon a reasonable belief that evidence of his crime might be found therein.Rather they will have to articulate reason to believe that the arrestee could access the area at the time of the search. Other Vehic le Search Exceptions Remain unattached If an officer cannot justify a search of a vehicle incident to arrest under Gant or is uncertain whether an SIA is warranted other established exceptions to the search warrant requirement remain available to safeguard evidence and protect the safety of officers. 1) If an officer has a reasonable suspicion that a passenger or recent occupant of a vehicle whether arrested or not is dangerous and may gain access to a weapon he may frisk the passenger compartment for weapons This exception is known as a terrycloth frisk of the vehicle. (2) If the officer has probable cause that the vehicle contains evidence of savage activity the officer may conduct a thorough search of any area of the vehicle in which the evidence might be found.This exception is the aforementioned mobile conveyance exception or the Carroll Doctrine. (3) If an officer conducting an arrest jolly suspects that a dangerous person is hiding in a nearby vehicle he may conduct a prot ective sweep of the vehicle by looking in places where such a person might be concealed. (4) Consent will always allow an officer to search as long as it is given voluntarily by one with actual or apparent spot to give it and the officer stays within the boundaries of the consent given. 5) Although not permitted for use as a criminal search tool an officer who effects a lawful impound of a vehicle may inventory its contents in accordance with standardized agency policy. If the inventory is performed lawfully any evidence or contraband identified during the process may be seized and used as evidence in a criminal prosecution and may provide justification for another warrant exception. References Law prof Tomkovicz writes brief for case in upcoming Supreme Court term. The Press-Citizen. 2008-09-29. http//www. google. com http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Arizona_v. _Gant

To What Extent Does Democracy in the Uk Suffer?

Politics Essay To what purpose does democracy in the UK suffer from a community crisis? (25 marks) There be a lot of ways in which citizens can geticipate in politics in the UK without necessarily having to take for example connector a semipolitical troupe, boycotting, and even signing petitions and fund raising. However, at that place is an argument that there has been a participation crisis over the past years in the UK. A participation crisis is when less and less citizens take part in political activities this can be shown in the decrease of voter sidetrack and the level of participation.On the different hand, there is an argument that there is in fact not a participation crisis because the turnout of voting is increasing and specific forms of participation ar also on the rise. In this essay, I will be arguing whether or not the UK is suffering from a participation crisis and if we are suffering to what extent. The main botheration approximately democracy in the U K comes from evidence of rising political apathy. Some people be possessed of seen this as nothing much than a participation crisis.Can democracy be tell aparted as healthy when more and more voters every year seem to be unconcerned or reluctant to engage in political life? Deteriorating puts of voter turnout and falling levels of ships company tender station despite there be opportunities for participation show evidence. There are three main reasons to show wherefore there is a participation crisis in the UK. The first reason is the public. Due to peoples interest in materialism, individualism and lack of community, citizens fail to pull together and look out for each other, which decreases the interest and connection they attain in politics.Decreasing grade in party rank and electoral turnouts is part of a process thats seen less interest in political personal business as citizens seem to fear more astir(predicate) themselves and family rather than their neighbours and party as a whole. The voting turnout over the past years has been inconsistent. During 1945 to 1992, the modal(a) turnout rate in the UK general elections was above 75 per cent. However in the 2001 general election, the turnout rate was 59 per cent, the lowest the turnout rate has ever been since 1918. This shows the interest citizens had in political affairs decreased drastically.The turnout rate did increase however, by the 2010 UK general election the turnout rate was at 65 per cent due to the first ever UK TV debate with the three party leadership David Cameron, Gordon Brown and Nick Clegg even though it was still below the average turnout rate during 1945 to 1992. Similarly, party membership in the UK has also decreased over the years. For example the number of people that were registered to compass party has fallen from over one billion members in the mid 1950s to around 166,000 members in 2009. Conservatives party membership has also fallen.The number of people that were registered to Conservative party has fallen from approx. 2. 8 million members in the 1950s to around 250,000 members in 2009. By 2007, less than 1 per cent of people crossways the UK belonged to political parties, from 7 per cent 50 years ago. This shows a decline in party membership which is caused by a decline in the voters loyalty towards political parties. Another reason why there is a participation crisis in the UK is the media. The media has a big impact and influence on citizens and the way they vote and support political parties.The media focuses on the political scandals, allegations, incompetence and policy failure of the parties which means that the good things about the leading politicians are forgotten about and the negative tend to be more popular. For example, the cheerfulness theme has seemed to influence citizens about which party should be in power as each party the Sun has supported over the years has won in the general elections. This shows that the media has had an impact on citizens and their preferred party which could be some other reason why there is a participation crisis.The final explanation why there is a participation crisis in the UK is the politicians themselves. Politicians have been known to lack vision, and only really care about cosmos elected in modern politicians and political parties as it is seen as just another professional career. Politicians have also been known to be over -concerned with the media and how they are portrayed rather than being concerned on how things are at the moment and what they can do to make things better.This creates an impression to citizens that politicians are less trustworthy and are all about presentation which causes turnout rates and party membership to decline. The growing inclination for politicians to target key voters and citizens they feel might change parties is also a percentage to declining voter turnout rates as other citizens may feel like they arent as important or c ared about and so decide to not vote or vote for a different party because the political parties are ignoring the voters in the legal age of seats.The decline in participation rates may also be because of politicians and political parties being too similar to each other, which doesnt piddle citizens much choice if both parties are appealing to the same targets and have the same policies. In precedent years there were clear divides in the different parties and policies, which made it easier for citizens to choose which party they wanted in power. However for example, the Labour and Conservative parties have distanced themselves away from their traditional policies and targets and are now both snap on Middle English citizens.In my opinion, there is much evidence for a participation crisis, although single anesthetise politics is growing and pressure groups add to the democratic process as they give a vocalism to those who are ignored by the majority system. Party memberships hav e declined however pressure group memberships are growing. Voter turnout is declining, fewer people feel naturally inclined to a particular party and even less take an active interest in politics due to rising income levels blurring class lines. Because pressure group membership, e petitions and direct action have increased I think this contradicts the idea of a participation crisis.To conclude, the British people have always been reluctant to get involved in democracy. Although forms of participation are constantly evolving with the small minority who take a strong interest in politics turning more to action groups at the cost of parties, nothing has occurred since 1918 to change the fact that the majority give more priority to work, home, recreation and their private lives instead of public concerns. Many changes can be made to improve democracy however it may not work because Britons do not have an active involvement in politics.There are three main factors that could explain dec lining turnouts at election time, the electorate- society has become more materialistic, the media- they have caused enormous problems for the public to trust and put their faith in politics, and at long last politicians- they have done nothing to restore faith back into politics. The cause of participation crisis lies within the natural act of voting being out of touch with the public. Many of us are tied with jobs social life family life to find time to vote. Therefore voting becomes a burden.