Advances Of Treatment Of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder...

Advances in Treatment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2015), in 2011 to 2013, one in ten pregnant women reported consuming alcohol in the past 30 days. Additionally, one in 33 women admitted to binge drinking during pregnancy (CDC, 2015). Consummation of alcohol during pregnancy is one of the leading causes for developmental disabilities. The term fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is being increasingly used to refer to the full range of problems caused by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) (Paley O’Connor, 2009). As a result of PAE many developmental deficits are manifested. According to Paley and O’Connor (2009), extensive research has shown that these can include â€Å"intellectual and learning disabilities, deficits in executive functioning, memory problems, speech and language delays, inattention, hyperactivity†¦behavior problems, and social impairments† (p. 258). While this disorder manifests a host of symptoms, there is no known cure and no standard of treatment (CDC, 2015). It is critical that we identify methods of treating FASD because even mothers with the best intentions may consume alcohol before they know they are pregnant. Encouragingly, many studies have been conducted with promising results, particularly in nutrition, pharmacology, and in the environment of the education system. Nutritional Interventions Prenatal Nutrition According to some research, women who drink during pregnancy areShow MoreRelatedFetal Alcohol Syndrome Is A Collection Of Multiple Effects Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesFetal alcohol syndrome is a collection of multiple effects that happen because of exposure to alcohol in utero and can be a very serious problem that is prevalent. Fetal alcohol syndrome was first talked about and described in 1973 (Caley, Dunlap, Shipkey, Rivera, Winkelman, 2006). Over the years a lot has become known about the dangers of exposing a fetus to alcohol and how common it really is (Caley et al, 2006). According to Krulewitch (2005), 1 in 10 women will consume alcohol after knowingRead MorePrenatal, Birth And Perinatal Development1170 Words   |  5 Pages Within this essay I will highlight the risks during prenatal, birth and perinatal development and discuss the longterm effects on a child and what medical advances have been developed to prevent or lessen them. There are three main stages to prenatal development; the germinal stage, embryonic stage and fetal stage. This process is largely determined by genetics and is usually fairly similar for the majority of human beings. Perinatal development is the period just before and just after birth. Read MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay2065 Words   |  9 PagesWhen a woman is pregnant it is recommended that she does not consume any alcohol. If a woman does consume alcohol during the pregnancy she can cause a disorder called Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (Rank, J.). In 1968, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome was characterized by P. Lamoine and colleagues form Nantes. They reported their findings in the French pediatric journal but unfortunately it didn’t draw to much attention. Five years later, in 1973, it was characterized again by K.L. Jones and colleagues in SeattleRead MoreFetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder ( Fasd )2000 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a general term consist disabilities when a mother consumes alcohol during her pregnancy. The medical prognosis of FASD includes: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (PFAS), Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND) and Alcohol Related Birth Defects (ARBD). Moreover, teratogen is a harmful agent that can interrupt the development of an embryo. For instance, alcohol is teratogen. As per Health Canada, FASD isRead MoreThe Epidemic Rates Of Mental Health Concerns844 Words   |  4 Pagesfound: 1 in 5 young people have some sort of mental, behavioral, or emotional program; 1 in 8 have a serious depression; and 1 in 10 may have a severe emotional program . . . For those with major depression, approximately 20 percent develop bipolar disorder within five years of the initial onset. (p. 10, Johnson, Eva, Johnson, Walker, 2010). For these reasons, and others less tangible yet important benefits, it is critical that each case is treated carefully, individualized, with a wraparound approachRead MoreAnimal Research : Animal Testing1700 Words   |  7 Pagesmorals that surrounded the use and treatment of animals in laboratories is what is being brought into question. The reasons for this become even more clearer when the time period is examined. Around the time when the fight against animal research was taken up, there were huge developments in almost all areas of the scientific world, causing an large increase in common knowledge about the natural world. The spread of ideas was spread faster for the new advances in technology. This ensured that everythingRead MoreAnimal Research : Animal Testing1711 Words   |  7 Pagesthe fight against animal research was taken up, there was huge growth in almost all of the areas of the scientific world, which caused a huge increase in the knowledge known about the world. The spread of ideas was spread very quickly through new advances in technology that came along. This ensured that everything bestowed by the scientist to the scientific world was also transferred to the residences of the ordinary or the common man. The second aspect, which is ecology, came about because of aRead MoreAnimal Research : An imal Testing1711 Words   |  7 Pagesthe fight against animal research was taken up, there was huge growth in almost all of the areas of the scientific world, which caused a huge increase in the knowledge known about the world. The spread of ideas was spread very quickly through new advances in technology that came along. This ensured that everything bestowed by the scientist to the scientific world was also transferred to the residences of the ordinary or the common man. The second aspect, which is ecology, came about because of aRead MoreEssay about The Addictiveness of Cannabis: A Review of the literature3256 Words   |  14 PagesCANNABIS Abstract As a country, we have been fighting and struggling with the war on drugs since the turn of the century. In recent times two states, Washington and Colorado, have legalized cannabis for recreational use with the same stipulations as alcohol. It seems to be that the general public has begun to accept cannabis as a â€Å"recreational drug†. While the federal government does not recognize cannabis as a legal drug in these states, the states are allowed to govern themselves with laws passedRead MoreIntro to Psychology: Chapter Notes 1- 54753 Words   |  20 PagesNorepinephrine * Excitatory Neurotransmitter * Accelerates heart rate, affects eating, linked to activity levels, learning and remembering * Mood Disorders, depression, bipolar disorder * Serotonin * Emotional arousal and sleep * eating disorders, alcoholism, depression, aggression, insomnia * Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) * Inhibitory may help relax anxiety reactions * depression

A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings By Gabriel Marquez

If you were able to imprison a decrepit, senile old man in your backyard and make a large sum of money just to keep him, would you do it? The classic short story â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† by Gabriel Marquez does just that, only this old man has wings. While exploring human nature and the reactions a person and people have to adversity and difference, Marquez makes some pointed criticisms of society in general. With many underlying themes and symbols, I’ll be analyzing a few such as; greed, compassion, the magical realism genre and the subtle jabs at Catholicism Marquez makes throughout the story. Money Although not the initial motivation for imprisoning the old man, the discovery of the mass pilgrimage to their home encourages Pelayo and Elisenda to charge admission to see the â€Å"Angel†. The desperate see him as a cure to their ailments, and are simple-minded enough to pay handsomely to visit him, a narrative on the fool hearty nature of group thinking. After a short time of being their star attraction, Pelayo has made enough to quit his job and build a mansion while Elisenda can afford the latest fashion she’s always wanted. There’s so much greed involved in keeping someone locked up in their chicken coop, but it’s seemingly nonexistent to any of the characters, including the Priest and the church. Because the Old Man had improved their life gradually, it wasn’t noticed nor appreciated, he was generally treated like an unwanted dog until the day he flew away.Show MoreRelatedA Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez9 87 Words   |  4 Pagesthose who live suffering. In â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings†, a man, named Pelayo, discovers old man washes up on a beach and a man, named Pelayo, discovers him and then realizes that the old and filthy man is an angel. Pelayo drags the angel to his chicken coop and locks him in for people to pay to witness him. Eventually, the angel grows back his feathers and flies away, relieving the family. In â€Å"A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings† by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Marquez portrays society’s need to beRead MoreA Very Old Man With Enormous Wings By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1827 Words   |  8 PagesUnderstand. The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka and A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcia Marquez are both short stories and both stories show us what is magical realism. According to Anne Hegerfeldt, magical realism refers to a mode of writing that may most briefly be characterized as an â€Å"amalgamation of realism and fantasy†. The term in its present sense was first applied to Latin American literature from the 1960s, with Gabriel Garcia Marquez s novel One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967)Read More A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcia Marquez514 Words   |  3 PagesA Very Old Man with Enormous Wings is a story that not only brings imaginary characters into play but also it combines imagination with events that we live everyday. For me, the background of the story is not unfamiliar at all, since the author Gabriel Garcia Marquez was born and raised in Colombia and I found most of the details of the story related to me when I used to live in South Ameri ca. The magic realism used in this story illustrates many aspects of our society today. The reaction ofRead MoreA Very Old Man With Enormous Wings By Gabriel Gracia Marquez1270 Words   |  6 Pagesthe personas and characters within the context. In the short stories, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings and â€Å"Death Constant Beyond Love† by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, the authors have used a number of literal elements. This essay displays a description of two short stories, with an aim of analyzing metaphors as a literary element. A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Gracia Marquez The short story outlined by Gabriel displays different styles of literature collaborations and views, whichRead MoreA Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez1012 Words   |  4 Pagesthrown away at the first sight of difference. Between the two supernatural beings in Gabriel Marquez’s â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings†, one gets more kindness and awe from the ordinary people because of her human origins; while the other supernatural being, an old man with wings, is mistreated. The differences between the two being’s origins portray human nature and its detriments. That is the human nature Marquez portrays in the villagers treatment of the two paranormal beings. Treatment of supernaturalRead MoreMagical Realism In A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings By Gabriel Marquez895 Words   |  4 Pageskey elements of magical realism is, the story bears the influences of oral traditions fables myths and tall tales. the story is set in an oth erwise ordinary world with familiar, historic and cultural realities.â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings†, a short story written by Gabriel Marquez, has characters whose mindsets and actions have a similarity to the real world. In paragraph four, the neighbor of Pelayo and Elisenda claims, â€Å"angels in those times were the fugitive survivors of a celestial conspiracyRead MoreMagical Realism In Gabriel Garcia-Marquez A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings869 Words   |  4 Pages Imagine where in a perfectly normal world, the unthinkable can come to life yet peopple don’t find it odd that a dead enormous man washes ashore, or a man with wings just appears out of nowhere all of a sudden making your life better without you realising it, or the power of a curandera is stronger than of God and evil itself. Magical realism a genre of writing, that introduces a realistic narrative and naturalistic technique but includes the elements of dreams, and fantasy making it seem completelyRead MoreLiterary Techniques Used in a Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcia Marquez508 Words   |  2 PagesLiterary Analysis: â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† In the story, â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings,† writer Gabriel Garcia Marquez intertwines the supernatural with the natural in an amazing manner. This essay analyzes how Marquez efficiently utilizes an exceptional style and imaginative tone that requests the reader to do a self-introspection on their life regarding their responses to normal and abnormal events. Marquez sets the tone of the story with an occurrence that is unusual and unsolicited:Read MoreHumans Selfishness vs. Sympathy in The Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Mà ¡rquez724 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The Very Old Man with Enormous Wings,† by Gabriel Mà ¡rquez, is related to the classical theme of human’s selfishness verses sympathy. However, Mà ¡rquez uses narrative elements such as plot, setting, and different characters, to provide much more in-depth sources of evidence to support his theme. In â€Å"The Very Old Man with Enormous Wings,† Mà ¡rquez uses an Old Man who is supposed to be an angel to display human’s tendencies to show both brutality and/or grace depending on the situation. The bizarreRead MoreSupernatural Events And Miracles : A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1056 Words   |  5 Pages Supernatural events and miracles are very common in medieval literature.(The History....) In the story â€Å" A very old man with enormous wings† by Gabriel Garcia Marquez uses supernatural to make the story more suspenseful. Supernatural can be in different form and in many things like in people on bones and in certain objects. In some supernatural actives some people have been cursed by whatever they touched. The people that have been cursed have seeked for help to break the cured but some have been

Price and Rubbermaid Free Essays

Abdul Javeed Sociology 300 February 14, 2010 Wal-Mart analysis Wal-Mart can be analyzed using both Structural Function and Social Conflict theory. Structural function theory believes that society is a complex system of interconnected and interrelated social structures each having a function and working together to promote social stability. There is an inherent tendency to balance and equilibrium. We will write a custom essay sample on Price and Rubbermaid or any similar topic only for you Order Now The following three points define why Wal-Mart can be analyzed using Structural function theory: They keep their prices low but make profits on high volume and fast turnover. Wal-Mart is most admired for its reputation in cost cutting and low prices. Wal-Mart is known to have very low and cheap prices for their products. It stops the need to go look for a bargain at other stores because we know that we won’t find a better deal elsewhere. This way we not only save money but time and gas too. Driving around to different stores to buy all the products is time and gas consuming. Low cost imports from Asia were vital components for Wal-Mart’s low opening price point strategy. Social Conflict theory believes that society is not integrated but actually full of unequal divisions. It has scarce and limited social resources PWP. It is in constant competition for them and conflict Is the result. Thus the emerging social structures benefit some in obtaining or retaining PWP at the expense of others. The following three points define why Wal-Mart can also be analyzed using Social Conflict theory: America’s best known brand Rubbermaid, maker of plastic containers, garbage bins was virtually in every home in one way or another. Rubbermaid supplied to big chains like Wal-Mart. Rubbermaid was struggling to maintain its ambitious growth targets. Then suddenly the material cost for Rubbermaid increased and hence they had to increase the price of their products. Some retailers agreed with the price increase but Wal-Mart did not. So it was the first signs of declines for Rubbermaid. Wal-Mart pullback was a blow to Rubbermaid and later its plant closed. Close to 1000 jobs were lost at Rubbermaid. Rubbermaid with its reputation of quality was most admired. Wal-Mart with its reputation for cost cutting was most admired. Hence Wal-Mart used its PWP to control Rubbermaid and indirectly let it shutdown. It had power over Rubbermaid and forced it to lower its costs. Rubbermaid couldn’t do it and so Wal-Mart stopped doing business with them, and so Rubbermaid shutdown. Wal-Mart used its PWP and by this a proud American Company was shutdown and many lost jobs. Impact of Chinese export boom has been felt all over USA. Wal-Mart used it PWP to indirectly shutdown a company called Thomson Consumer Electronics which was an American Television Manufacturer. Thomson stated to see a sharp foreign competition; they saw Chinese products being sold at a price that most American manufacturers couldn’t manufacture at. Five electronics sued the Chinese TV manufacturer but was stunned to see that Wal-Marttook the side of Chinese manufacturer. But Thomson plant shutdown and lot of people lost their jobs due to Chinese competition. Wal-Mart used its PWP and was bringing in cheap Chinese imports and so caused American manufacturer hard to keep in competition. How to cite Price and Rubbermaid, Papers

Five train stations Essay Example For Students

Five train stations Essay Five train stations had passed with people leaving the train and new faces entering the carriage, and finally the train pulled up at my destination. I stepped out of the carriage and had to leap across the huge gap that was between the carriage and the platform. As I did this I noticed something rather strange, I was the only person to exit the train at that particular station, whereas dozens of people were getting off of the train at the other stops. As I walked out of the station I finally realised why I was the only person to get off at that stop. It was slap bang in the middle of nowhere to be precise. I looked to the left of the station to see the place where I would be slave labouring for two weeks. I took another look around to see that apart from that there was a run down chip shop across the road but that was it. There were no shops, houses or anything. I was thinking to myself the options that I had during my lunch break. The rundown fish and chip shop looked to be my only option, however there was a slight problem. The road that I had to cross to get to the chip shop was a dual carriageway and there was no pelican or zebra crossing in sight. How on Earth I was supposed to get across the road at lunchtime was beyond me. After pondering on what to do on my lunch hour I walked in to a sky blue building, along a corridor and into reception. A rather attractive young woman in her early twenties approached me and asked if she could help me. I replied by telling her that I had work experience starting on that day. I then proceeded to follow her on her instruction and she lead me into a large garage, which unsurprisingly contained many cars, and introduced me to a man named Brian Wells. The receptionist then left us and went back to her duties. Brian and myself began talking about my working hours and the tasks I would be carrying out. He then showed me the grand tour and pointed out the tearoom. In my head I knew that it was a hint. He really meant that this would be my home for the next two weeks. As soon as I had a brief look around the garage I knew that I was going to have a dreadful two weeks. Brian then told me that I would be working with a mechanic called David Beams. Brian shouted out at the top of his cockney voice, Beamsy! I was rather startled by this, as it was very unexpected. After he had called out an old man who appeared to be Harold Shipmans twin brother strolled along the dirty, oil covered workshop floor wearing red and silver Vauxhall overalls. The Harold Shipman look-alike approached me and introduced himself as David Beams. While he was doing this I couldnt help but think to myself how unlucky I was. My work experience placement was in a shabby old garage in the middle of nowhere. I also had the pleasure of working with a serial killer. The two weeks passed dreadfully slowly and the tasks I undertook were making tea, making coffee, making hot-chocolate and running to and fro across a dual carriage way to the run down chip shop with everybodys orders. Tired bored and annoyed with Mr Austin for giving me a terrible work experience placement, I was just about to leave for the last time when the mechanics came up to me and told me to never forget them and to visit them regularly. I smiled and said thank you for letting me work with them. While doing this in my head I was thinking that they have a snowballs chance in hell of seeing me again. I couldnt wait to leave the garage. Work experience was possibly the worst two weeks of my life that have ever happened and probably yet to come. After the first hour of work experience I definitely decided that I would never like a job that involves manual labour. I wouldnt have the patience and I hated every minute of work experience.

Adf

Adf Although our country is very powerful and strong, we do not need to overlook the possibility for being attacked as we saw on the 11th day of September. We need to be ready for anything and everything. We need to be prepared by increasing security on many major landmarks including the Golden Gate Bridge in California. The Golden Gate Bridge is one of the finest bridges in the world as was the Twin Towers in New York. Security on and around the bridge needs to be increased to make sure one of America's most precious landmarks is protected and out of harm's way. The Golden Gate Bridge is the most respected bridge in the United States and one of the oldest, it was built in 1937 for a mere 27 million dollars. This magnificent bridge has heightened its security and I believe that many other major landmarks need to take consideration for doing the same.English: Early morning fog over San Francisco and ...

The Role of Heroin in the Movie essays

The Role of Heroin in the Movie essays Drug czar Robert Wakefield (Michael Douglas) pretty much sums up this Activity Focus E-Mail for me when he says "It's hard to fight a war when the enemy is your own family after he realizes that his 16-year-old daughter Caroline is graduating from recreational drug use to habitual abuse a secret that Wakefields wife, Barbara, has been keeping from him. I would argue that Caroline was not necessarily the enemy per se, but she could be viewed in this movie as a pawn of Robert Wakefields true enemy the illegal drug trade. Now Im no Roger Ebert, but one aspect of the film that I particularly appreciated was that, while the movie clearly depicts the devastating consequences of Carolines deepening addiction (consequences not only for herself but also for her family), director Steven Soderbergh refuses to blatantly condemn any particular character for Carolines downfall. In other words, although I believe that the movie firmly establishes that the illegal drug trade is a problem affecting everyone and explores a diverse set of characters who are either fighting against drugs or fighting for drugs, either supplying drugs or consuming drugs, etc. Soderbergh does not overtly place the blame for Carolines addiction on anybody but Caroline. As well, although the movie follows parallel storylines involving very dissimilar characters with equally dissimilar objectives while demonstrating how drugs affect every single one of them on some level or another the film does not take an obviously specific political stance with regard to the production, distribution, and consumption of drugs thereby avoiding general moral issues relating to addiction. For example, Caroline evokes a forceful acknowledgment of the wasteful and destructive power of drugs she was the third-ranked student in her junior class at an exclusive private high school, yet ...

King Abdullah Scholarship Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

King Abdullah Scholarship Program - Essay Example The King Abdullah Scholarship is a program whose aim is to provide students an avenue to the best Universities in pursuit of higher learning. The criterion for the selection of academic disciplines is on a needs basis. There is consideration for the needs of national corporations, government ministries as well as the private sector when selecting the disciplines (Taylor, and Albasri 110). The selection seeks to fulfill the needs of job markets in Saudi Arabia. Mostly, undergraduate students wishing to apply for the scholarship can only choose to do a course in medicine, medical science as well as health science. Flexibility in the course selection is only available for graduate applicants. Even though the Saudi Arabian government limits the choices students have, it does not choose what course each student will pursue (Taylor, and Albasri 110). The program aims at equipping Saudi youth with the necessary skills and expertise to develop government departments as well as the private se ctor. Its objective is to develop the Saudi human resource to be at par or competitive in world job markets. The program also aims at creating future leaders from the youth. Apart from developing the youth into leaders, the Scholarship program also serves another purpose. It seeks to cultivate patriotism, establish and develop cultural understanding with the countries in which the students study as well as foster cultural exchange. Such relations would be of great benefit not only to Saudi Arabia, but also to the host country.

Financial accounting College Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial accounting College - Research Paper Example But in reality the interest cost is tax deductible thereby giving an edge for their inclusion to create leverage to a certain point. This point of view was first espoused in theModigliani-Miller theorem, proposed byFranco ModiglianiandMerton Miller, which is the very foundation of further thought process on capital structure, even if it is purely theory based as the assumption of tax neutrality and risk neutrality. The theorem states that, in a perfect market, how a firm is financed is irrelevant to its value. On the contrary Market timing hypothesis states that capital structure is the outcome of the historical cumulative timing of the market by managers (Baker, Malcolm P.; Wurgler, Jeffrey p. 57). An analysis of capital structure is undertaken to assess the health of the organisation from the above mentioned points of view. Overall objective of ideal capital structure remains to maximise shareholders wealth without inflicting risk on the enterprise beyond acceptable levels. Financial Leverage- So long as the cost of funds is low ROE (Return on Equity) is high compared to ROA (Return on Assets). If and when the cost of debt rises beyond threshold levels the ROE falls compared to ROA thereby making debt funds disadvantageous for the equity share holders. "Leverage is non stationary, and declines with past profitability. The firm may hold a compensating cash balance while borrowing (at a higher rate) through the credit line." (DeMarzo Peter M., Sannikov Yuliy, p 1) Risk Analysis- Risk is directly proportional to the proportion of debt in capital structure. As debt inherently carries fixed servicing and repayment obligations, adverse earning conditions increase credit risk which rises in the same direction as the quantum of debt in relation to equity funds. Similarly low risk is associated with high equity (low debt) funds of an organisation. Even in periods of lower earnings, the existence of the organisation will be at lower risk as compared to an organisation with higher debt capital. Debt to Capital ratio (average debt / average assets) provides the slice of assets financed through debt. Debt to Equity ratio (average debt / equity base) shows the share of debt in capital structure. What is optimal capital structure There are no definite answers. It varies from industry to industry. Economic cycle of the industry being examined and within the industry the business cycle of the organisation would determine the best mix of capital structure so as to meet the overall objective of

Global relevance from a diversity of perspectives in International Essay

Global relevance from a diversity of perspectives in International Relations Theory - Essay Example This paper will evaluate the issue of global relevance from a diversity of perspectives in relation to International Relations Theory. The paper will discuss the issues surrounding global relevance and the implications on the how the various international relations theories relate to global relevance. Specifically, the paper will discuss critical theoretical perspectives in International Relations Theory such as Constructivism, Feminism and Marxism in regards to global relevance. The study will investigate the various aspects that can influence the global relevance of a state or a country and how these aspects can be controlled. It is important to note that global relevance is critical; especially in this era of globalization. Therefore, the study will endeavor to establish the critical issues that surround the issue of global relevance and how International Relations Theory affects global relevance. In order to attain the purpose of this paper, the first section will describe the is sue of global prominence in the context of global relations. The normative and theoretical perspectives in International Relations Theory that influence global relevance from a diversity of perspectives will be discussed. ... No country in the globe can prosper in solidarity and international cooperation is essential for every country. It is imperative that countries which dominate the international landscape have put in place policies that make them globally relevant (Hobson, 2009). Despite the diversity that is evident throughout the world, all countries are interlinked for mutual benefit. The aspect of global relevance can be evaluated from a diversity of perspectives that influence international relations. One of the major aspects of global relevance is economic status. The economy of a country is an important indicator of its development rate. It is important to note that economically powerful countries benefit the most in the realm of international trade. The formation of international and regional trade bodies such the World Trade Organizations imply that the exchange of goods and services is an important issue for every country. Suffice to say, trade is implemented through the principle of willing buyer and willing buyer. Therefore, in order to be able to dominate in the international trade, it is necessary for a country to improve its production capabilities (Hobson, 2009). The manufacturing, services and agricultural industries are some of the main areas of international trade. Thus, countries that can export more products and services while keeping their imports at a low level have the capability to stay globally relevant. The challenge for emerging economies that aspire for global dominance is the policies that they have to put in place in order to attain this goal. Countries that are unable to be globally relevant may invariably end up lagging behind economically. The political landscape in a country is an important

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN TRAVEL AND TOURISM

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN TRAVEL AND TOURISM This term paper will outline the environment where the travel and tourism industry operates. It will deliver the overview of the importance and the impact of this industry. It will consider the forces that shape the industry and the issues which affect the management of the industry. Overview The word travel and tour can be used interchangeably. Tourism can be defined as the movement from place to place with the aim of recreating ones self and provision of services for this movement. Therefore tourism can be taken as a service industry with lots of tangible and intangible parts. The tangible things may be classified into the transport systems and the hospitality services. The transport services and systems include road, air, waters and even rail. The hospitality services include accommodation, food and beverages, tours, safety, insurance and banking. The intangible services include, rest and relaxation, escape, adventure and other more new experiences (Word, 2010).Tourism started as travel for leisure and adventure in different fields and now it has come to be broadly ventured into by so many individuals. This has become a day to day event which can be broadly classified as; pilgrimage tourism, health tourism, winter tourism, and niche tourism. These classification are ta ken from the kind of activity is involved in the travel (National Database, 2010). Types of Tourism Pilgrimage tourism is a travel taken most by people of different religions to the shrines or sacred places to undertake the divine help or acts of thanks giving to demonstrate how devoted they are to their supreme. Health tourism also is associated to the welfare and believes by different people. They travel to areas thought to be of health benefit like bathing in sea water to cure skin disease. On the other hand winter tourism has increased more rapidly due to the rise in winter sports and winter board lessons. This affects areas with warm climates where people travel to for short holidays. People travel to cold areas for sled and ski competitions. This winter tourism has increased tremendously with increased speed in the railway transport and the safety of the air travel and broadly on the improved technology (Newkerala, 2008). Niche tourism is mostly oriented with risky taking activities. This is an adventure tourism which includes activities such as mountaineering and hiking. Thi s mostly involved with experimentation on the natural environment and trying to figure out the out come. Niche tourism is mainly nature and environmental oriented adventures. These adventures include what is commonly known as dark tourism which is associated with visiting the areas known to be death threatening and suffering. There are more common kind of tourism market where tourists choose to take their accommodation, food and transport avoiding using the known or established systems. There are so many types of tourism in the world today since each type is unique on itself depending on the motive of the tourists (Newkerala, 2008). Tourism and travel and its impacts Travel and tourism has become one of the major boosts in the economy of any country. Every countrys aim is to increase its income through tourism. Therefore each ministry of tourism in any country is seeking for the best ways of promoting and developing the industry. The African countries have become major beneficiaries of the industry. This has been brought about by the stability in the jobs on the developed countries. These people have a low limitation in their spending power therefore in a position to manage high budget restaurants, hotels and other recreational parks. The domestic tourism is also on the rise because of the change in the security level in the world and the improved technology (Economywatch, n.d.). The tourism industry has to adopt policies which are aimed at attracting a big number of tourists. These policies are geared to improving the products offered and raising the standards to reach the world standards. The many countries are offering promotional tools and deploying well trained personnel to undertake research activity on tourist requirements in the betterment of the industry. There is need of countries to improve the industries related to tourism for the industry to grow steadily. These industries include; food and beverage industry, hotel and lodging services, banking and insurance industry, retail market, transport and communication industry (Diaz 2001). Effects of Tourism in Developed Countries Tourism in the developing countries has come as a two way activity. It has increased the activity and the way culture is viewed and has raised curiosity exposing all cultural ways. Tourism has now become economically exploitive and upcoming side-effect of globalization. The indigenous people in the developed countries are taking this as a new source of income as service workers in tourism industry. They are also becoming tourism exhibits themselves, selling their different kinds of art, organizing dances in their villages for the visitors, preparing traditional foods and showing different types of customs. This has come as a good way of fighting the great enemy of unemployment but this has hampered the communities negatively. While this incorporates them in the new economy, they also affect them culturally as this lowers their rate of civilization. This has become more evident in the Maasai pastoral groups in Kenya and Tanzania (Azarya, 2007). Tourism and the economy Tourism has proved to be a pillar in most world economies. It is the only service sector which has proven as an economic activity depended upon by many nations irrespective of their level of development. In the developing countries it is the major foreign exchange earner than such other exports like export of agricultural produce. Tourism has affected many youths positively in these countries since their concentration is now focused on improving their services and commodities to earn a living through the tourism industry (Twarog, 2004). Tourism in the developing economies has come as welcoming activity and service. It has changed many peoples life and way of thinking towards environmental conservation. Tourism has now become a sector offering employment opportunities to many due to its links to other related economic activities. Other sectors are growing to support the running of Tourism. This has raised the need of developing policies so as to capitalize on the advantages of internationalization of markets (Diaz, 2001). Risks threatening Tourism As much as tourism is one of the world leading economic activities, it is the most vulnerable trade. This economic activity is affected by many risk factors. This leads to its unreliability in the business world. Global events such as political instability affect the trade negatively. People moving from country to country as tourists have become a threat to worl security. The terrorists are maculating as tourists to complete their evil missions. The impact felt is so much in that if this is the most valued source of income for a country then it will be fixed. Tourism has also been affected by the health-related issues such as the swine flu menace hindered free travel hence affecting the income reacted during travel. Climatical change has also affected free travel need changed the movement, pattern and position of the attractive scenes and world animals especially in African countries. This has to impact on the increased spending to promote the industrys continuity and prevent environ mental degradation (Twarog, 2004). Tourism scope Tourism has been on the limelight in the world because of the scope it covers. It is the largest harp of jobs across all regions. The jobs created by tourism are far more affecting all the sectors of any economy. It has affected the contraction, transport, agriculture, cultural issues, manufacturing, telecommunications and many more organized groups. This industry has changed the world to one large community. Due to the interaction between the many cultures and language, a common compromise is reached to bring all these people from diverse backgrounds together. This has led to positive rating given to tourism and travel as the best economically, socially and ecologically sustainable development. This has been taken due to its low impact on the environment and the natural resourced than most other industries. This industry has been directed to enjoyment and accepting of diverse cultures and building heritages and has a powerful motivation towards protecting and improving these assets. To a large extent, tourism and travel has taken root in cultivating and increasing other economic enhancers. It has lead to improved and acted as a catalyst to major economic boosters like infrastructure and local cultural diversity. Promoting tourism will help in making the income gained sustained. Due to coming up of new things each day making every area attractive for tourists, away must be devised to encourage continuous flow of income. This can only be done through advertisement via different media. Many take that the only way tourism can be sustained is through foreign visitors. This has locked many potential internal tourists who will bridge the gap created by any instability in foreign tourist. The existing attractions need to be improved and preserved. New attractions need to be identified and shown light through advertising. Irrespective of the attractions the tourists need good accommodation and better health services. The industry is mainly luxurious, these calls for improved communication, good modern tour vehicles, building modern roads (clark, 2010). Level of performance and sustainability of tourism Tourism and travel has been affected by the environment. Attractive environment appeals to tourists may it be naturally found or built. The environment in which tourism takes place include, coastal resorts, cultural interest historic sites and mountainous ranges and many more which stimulates travel are affected by tourism positively and negatively. Tourism has increased investment, conservation of features which encourage buildings, wildlife increased income. On the other hand the appealing environment is spoilt by displacement of people due to overdevelopment, increased pollution of air and noise and destroying of natural flora and fauna (Rowe et al, 2002). As any other economic activity, Tourism has to be sustainable for it to benefit the community. Tourism is set in a platform with has to support both the tourists and the host local communities. This is achieved by laying down laws and regulations which protect the rights of the community and preserve their environments. These have to be passed through proper education to both the tourists and the community for them to be enforced. Tourism also raises concerns on issues such as abuse; therefore pertinent laws have to be set as well to curb the vice. A police force has also to be set up to guard the community and the tourists maintaining peace and harmony. There should be continued training of staff handling tourists because they will be willing to pay more when they know they are going to be served by the qualified staff offering better service. With the increase improved technology, always then advertisement will look more appealing when posted on the internet. Therefore having a web site showing all the provisions tend to lower the worried of the tourisms since now they have a glimpse of what to expect. With this the industry will be giving good results (Clark, 2010). Tourism and Climate With the increase in industrialization, tourism has changed tremendously. With its close relationship with climate and the environment, Tourism in a climate sensitive sector just like other sectors such as agriculture, transport, insurance, energy and destinations. With the continued change in the climatical conditions of the world, the tourist destinations are also altered to meet the expected standards. This has raised alarm to the tourism stake holders to change and start practicing adoption to meet the tourist demands. Climate change has become one of the most influential factors in decision making. This is so because climate change is not anymore a future event but a day today occurrence. Apart from tourism being a contributor to the general country economy, it in a contributor to the climate change through greenhouse gas through transport and accommodation of the tourists. This has become another big challenge to the tourist industry. Tourism therefore has the obligation of fig hting to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions as stipulated by the international community. But also tourism sector cannot fight this war in isolation. It has to get a hand from the broad and within the context of the international sustainable development agenda. (Daniel et al (2007). Conclusion Tourism is a global harp of the countrys economy. With tourism, ideas, cultures and experiences are shared. Therefore there is a need to improve the sector by all means. Cooperation promotions should be encouraged by all means to inducement to increase the spending power of the tourists through continued research. There are recurrent problems in the sector which should be fought. The problems can only be solved by decision-makers who have the knowledge of the industry and the procedural knowledge. The wealth of knowledge can be derived from the already existing experiences and the generated knowledge from the field through watching the customer behaviors and market competitions (Wober, n.d.). With the increase in environmental changes still tourism is gaining momentum. People are moving fast to see the attraction places before they disappear rendering tourism still the most interesting part of the economy. With the interest of people wanting to visit places before they change give a reason why the contemporary issues in tourism need considered to avert the vices in the industry.

Essay --

This paper takes a case analysis approach to considering the ethical and legal implications of the â€Å"right† to health care in contemporary America. The case scenario assumes that the government has enacted a new national health care policy. All citizens are guaranteed an annual income of $20,000 and the right to purchase (at an annual cost of $1,500) a comprehensive health insurance policy covering all routine medical and hospital costs. People who fail to purchase this insurance plan must pay cash for all health services. If non-insured individuals do not have the money to pay for services, the hospital and/or physician will deny treatment. This â€Å"comprehensive† insurance package is not without certain important limitations and exclusions. Notably, no coverage is provided for illness or disability arising directly from the individual’s own unhealthy behaviors (e.g., smoking, overeating, drinking, etc.). This paper examines the legal and ethical implications of this health care system (for individual patients, hospital administrators, health care providers, and the society at large) by looking at the situation facing two hypothetical patients. The first patient, â€Å"Mr. Puffer† purchased the $1,500 plan but finds that costs related to the treatment of his lung cancer are not covered (because Mr. Puffer is a long-time smoker). The second patient, â€Å"Mr. Spender† has failed to purchase the insurance plan and is now being denied admission and treatment for his acute appendicitis since he has neither insurance coverage nor the cash to pay for the treatment. Both Mr. Puffer and Mr. Spender contend that the hospital has violated their right to health care. Health Care as a â€Å"Moral Duty† versus a â€Å"Moral Right† The two patients’ claim... ...only solution to the dilemmas posed in this case is to completely re-design the health care system. It must have as its starting point a system of distributing health care benefits based on moral values, not marketplace values. A good beginning would be adherence to the moral principle that health care is (as both Mr. Puffer and Mr. Spender asserted) a basic right not a privilege based on income level or â€Å"good behavior.† If health care is indeed a right and not a privilege, an ethical system should provide for universal access to health care. Having established these basic guiding principles, the system designers would then have to grapple with the logistics of rationing existing health care resources (as necessarily limited by technology, funding, etc.) in a manner which takes into account principles of distributive justice and the underlying values of the society.

Islamic Architecture

Structuralisms Architecture Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day, influencing the design and construction of buildings and structures in Islamic culture. What is Islam? * The name of the religion is Islam, which comes from an Arabic root word meaning â€Å"peace† and â€Å"submission. † * Islam teaches that one can only find peace in one's life by submitting to Almighty God (Allah) in heart, soul and deed. * The same Arabic root word gives us â€Å"Salaam Alaskan,† (â€Å"Peace be with you†), the universal Muslim reediting.Geographical * The Moslem faith flourished in the countries of Southern Asia and North Africa. * Other important communities include Zanzibar, Madagascar and China. * In the 20th century mobility, Islam was brought throughout the world as far as Sydney and South shields. * The spread of Islam has been frequently associated with military conquest , racial movements and in some cases with the consequent displacement of established populations. * The most important were the Arab expansion northwards and westwards out of the Arabian peninsula, and the drive of the Turkish ND Mongol groups South, Southeast and Southwest of Central Asia.The Islamic world Geological * The countries into which Islam first expanded were already rich in building tradition and the important techniques of exploitation of natural resources for building work and trade in building materials had long been established. * Brick making and pipes' walling was almost universal in the alluvial plains * Cooling effect of structures with very heavy walls and high rooms has been widely exploited. * Unprotected circulation are common. History * A. D. 622 – the year of the Hegira, when Mohammed moved from Mecca to Medina.Immediately after his death in 632 – the concerted efforts of the Arabian Tibet carried death as conquerors into Central Asia and west ward towards the Atlantic. Social * The Arab group which were the spearhead of advanced Islam ,were essentially tribal, and in consequence the behavior patterns and attributes of emergent Islamic societies were based on traditions of the desert. * Public life was reserved for men. * Women play a secondary role, to be part of the household – the harem. In public, she is protected by the anonymity of the veil. * Equality was only granted to theAromatic groups. * â€Å"peoples of the book† -Jews and Christians * Freedom of worship and interval government. Religious * Islam is the last of the three great religions of the middle east. * Its essence is contained in a simple sentence, which is both the profession of faith and the credo of its adherents * There is only one God and his prophet Mohammed. * Philosophy of life and government. * The Koran – is regarded as the revelation through the medium of the prophet Mohammed. * The Width – is the collection of his sayings or injunctions and is of lesser weight.The law – is extracted from the prophet's instructions, from tradition and sample. * An acceptance of the transitory nature of earthly life; personal humility; an abhorrence of images worship. * The important architectural endeavor is normally expended on buildings having a direct social or community purpose, including worships; that decorations tends toward the abstract, using geometric, calligraphic and plant motifs , with a preference for a uniform field of decoration rather than a focal element; and that a basic conservatism discouraged innovations and favored established formsTerminologies * Massed (Persia, India) – mosque or a place of worship. * Jam – mosque, principal place of worship, or use of the building for Friday prayers * Messed (Turkey) – small * Salami – men's or prayer house * Madras (Egypt) * Menders (Turkey) – religious college and mosque. * Sara; Sera – palace Buildi ng Components * Miramar – niche oriented towards Mecca * Member – raised platform for ceremonial announcements open-fronted vault facing on to a court * ABA – gateway * Sans – courtyard of a mosque * Minaret – tower from which call to prayer was made.Harem – women's or private quarter's of a house or palace quest's quarters * Kibble; Kibble – axis oriented towards Mecca * Chatter (India) – kiosk Personnel * Muezzin – caller who summons the faithful to prayer * Imam – man who leads the congregation at prayer * ‘wan; Ivan (Persia) – * Caliph – successor to the prophet as military, Judicial and spiritual leader of Islam Architectural Character * Majority of Islamic buildings are fundamentally related to a principal axis. This axis is frequently extended into a formal landscape which is integral part of the sign. The prime axis was the kibble, the general concept was derived from the line of balanc e and symmetry implicit in the concept of perfect creation, as seen in gardens and buildings. * Islamic architecture is centered upon God. At its heart is the Mosque and inward – looking building whose prime purpose is contemplation and prayer. * Mosque may serve as a school, transactions may be made there and storage for treasures. * Minaret – a tower from whose top the Muezzin gave the call to prayer. * Miramar – a niche where the leader of the congregation (the Imam) sakes his prayers. Menders/Madras – college * Han/Caravanserai's – the hostel * The courtyard – the sides were punctuated with gateways, prayer chambers, or arched porches ‘wants. Architecture Forms and Styles of Mosques and buildings in Muslim countries Forms – Many forms of Islamic architecture have evolved in different regions of the Islamic world. These mosques are square or rectangular in plan with an enclosed courtyard and a covered prayer hall. Sheehan â⠂¬â€œ The traditional Islamic courtyard, a Sheehan in Arabic, is found in secular and religious structures.When within a accidence or other secular building is a private courtyard and walled garden. A Sheehan – courtyard is in within almost every mosque in Islamic architecture. The courtyards are open to the sky and surrounded on all sides by structures with halls and rooms, and often a shaded semi-open arcade. Arabesque – An element of Islamic art usually found decorating the walls and window screens of mosques and Muslim homes and buildings, the arabesque is an elaborate application of repeating geometric forms that often echo the forms of plants, shapes and sometimes animals (specifically birds).Calligraphy – is associated with geometric Islamic art (the Arabesque) on the walls and ceilings of mosques. Contemporary artists in the Islamic world draw on the heritage of calligraphy to use calligraphic inscriptions or abstractions in their work. Examples Mosque à ¢â‚¬â€œ A Muslim house of worship Minaret – A tall tower in, or continuous to a mosque arch stairs leading up to one or more balconies from which the faithful are called to prayer. Kiosk – a small pavilion, usually open, built in gardens and parks Pointed arch – a two- and four- centered and generally constructed a true arch, Hough corbelled examples were common in India.

12 Facts on Genetics in the 21st Century for a Research Paper

12 Facts on Genetics in the 21st Century for a Research Paper The human genome is becoming one of the biggest talks of the 21st century. This guide should help you tremendously in writing a research paper based on 12 facts on genetics in the 21st century. Just so you know, our second guide discusses 20 topics on the subject and a sample research paper at the end. Finally, the last guide in the series explains how to properly write a research proposal on genetics. Let’s discuss 12 fascinating facts on genetics in 21st century backed by references so that you can write a great research paper on the topic of Genetics. A detailed study on British people revealed that 30% of their DNA is identical to the ancestors (Anglo-Saxons) of modern day Germans. Other DNA samples from British people is also connected to the French (40%), Belgians (9%) and Danes (11%). Professor Peter Donnelly claims he has never seen such an exquisite and fascinatingly detailed research on human genetics as this one. Did you know that cheetahs are clones of one another? Studies on their genes showed that nearly all species of cheetahs died in the last ice-age. Modern cheetahs are just descendants of surviving cats who had interbred to keep their species from extinction. On average, the human eye can see 1 million colors. However, a small percentage of people can actually detect 99 million more colors than the average person. Imagine how beautiful and vibrant the world might be through their eyes. To describe this phenomenon, you have to understand what â€Å"cone-cells† are. Cone-cells are what makes us see colors. Cone-cell is capable of perceiving 100 colors. Humans have three kinds of cone-cells which makes us trichromats and grants the ability to perceive 1 million colors (1003). But some women, through genetic mutation, can become tetrachromats and develop four types of cone-cells which gives them the ability to perceive 100 million colors. You should be aware of what â€Å"In Vitro Fertilization† is. It’s a great phenomenon where an egg is fertilized with a sperm outside the body i.e. in glass (vitro). This is where the name came from. In this procedure, you can choose the gender of your child and prevent any kind of inherited diseases or other genetic defects from happening. There has been a recent research (which has surprised genome scientists) in which a giant virus â€Å"Pandoravirus† was discovered; 93% of the genes are a complete mystery and scientists don’t know how or where it originated from, or any cellular lineage that can be traced back. Biologists have considered it NLF (new life form), classifying it as a 4th domain of life. Do you know why some people are capable of fighting off malaria easily while some are immune to severe symptoms of this illness? This is actually because they are residing in malaria infested places where a genetic mutation â€Å"Sickle Cell Anemia† takes place. However, this mutation is an adaptive advantage only if one of the two alleles of sickle-cell disease are found in a person. In 1994, when one person had gotten trapped in a car accident, an important genetic discovery was made. This is because so-called victim involved in the car crash barely had any kind of fracture in his bones. Through the wisdom of human genome, it was found that he actually had a genetic mutation which caused his bones density to be eight times higher than an average male of his age. When an extensive study was conducted, it was found that there are other families that had denser bones than average and never had a broken bone in their life. This mutation is considered the â€Å"Holy Grail† for osteoporosis studies and scientists are researching and producing an avalanche of information on this mutation, so people can get permanent relief from bone fragility and deficiency. If you have hated the taste of brassica genus plants like broccoli or cabbage then there may be a scientific reason to it. A research has revealed that some vegetables contain identical chemical similarities to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), which is a chemical that is either tasteless or tastes a bit bitter, depending on the genetic makeup of a person. Did you know that bananas were multi-seed fruits that were not as readily edible? You don’t see this in modern-day bananas because they are genetic hybrids. Humans have interceded in changing the flavor and texture of bananas by crossing two kinds of this fruit: musa balbisiana and musa acuminata. This resulted in a soft texture and irresistible flavor whereas the original fruit was rather unappetizing and had a hard feel and texture to it. In 2005, it was discovered by the University of Liverpool that 10% of Europeans had a genetic mutation which made them resistant to HIV viruses. This genetic mutation was dubbed CCR5-Delta 32. According to the discovery, the mutation originated during the middle ages when Europeans were victims to a pool of different plagues. About 120 years ago, only 20% people were able to live for 70 years. Today, more than 80% of the people (belonging to rich and developed countries) will live to see the world past 70 years. However, there is only one person in history who has been documented to live for 120 years. This led science to believe that there may be a limit to how long we can life. When a study was conducted, it was theorized that due to genetic coding, human bodies may be incapable of outliving 120 years. According to the research, the genetic code of the human body limits how much our cells can divide. If the code can somehow be removed from our bodies, we may never die. There is an abundance of genetic information that scientists know nothing of. About 40% to 50% of our GI tract genetic information is still unknown. It is impossible to classify this as yet because it doesn’t match any kind of genetic pool; not plant, fungus, animal, virus or bacteria. Biologists have named it, â€Å"Biological Dark Matter†. We’re sure you found these facts quite interesting and relevant to your essay. Head on to the second guide where you’ll have at least 20 genetics topics to choose from. At the end of that guide, you’ll also find a sample research paper on genetics, which should make writing a research paper on the subject easier and more precise. References: Hannah Devlin, March 2015. Genetic Study Reveals 30% of White British DNA Has German Ancestry The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/mar/18/genetic-study-30-percent-white-british-dna-german-ancestry Melissa Cronin, Jun 2012. Tetrachromatic Supervision May Help Some Women See 100 Million Colors The Huffington Post huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/27/tetrachromatic-super-vision-women-100-million-colors_n_1631480.html Guy Gugliotta, March 2008. Rare Breed Smithsonian Magazine smithsonianmag.com/making-a-difference/rare-breed-20811232/?no-ist= Kirsten Weir, October 2006. The Worlds Densest Bones The Scientist. the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/24344/title/The-world-s-densest-bones/ Sergio Prostak, Jul 2013. Meet Pandoravirus! Scientists Surprised to Discover New Giant Virus Sci- News. sci-news.com/biology/science-pandoravirus-giant-01253.html Kate Spark, Mar 2005. Biologist Discover Why 10% of Europeans are Safe from HIV Infection EurekAlert. eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-03/uol-bdw031005.php Avi Roy, June 2013. Lust for Life: Breaking the 120-Year Barrier in Human Ageing The Conversation. http://theconversation.com/lust-for-life-breaking-the-120-year-barrier-in-human-ageing-14911

Transracial Adoption Essay Example

Transracial Adoption Essay Example Transracial Adoption Essay Transracial Adoption Essay According to Arnold R. Silverman, outcomes of translation of adoption, transracial adoption means the Joining of racially different parents and children together in adoptive families. I chose this topic for two reasons. The first reason would be due to my recent viewing of a movie called losing Isaiah. The second reason is that I am a former foster youth of the state of Oklahoma and I experienced multiple transracial a placements and I often wondered if the methods that Oklahoma Department of Human Services (OKDHS) is using for youth are the best in regards to adoption. Through out this paper I plan to provide an in-depth understanding of what Transracial adoption truly is. I also plan to explain the benefits of transracial adoption as well as the concerns in regard to transracial adoption. In this paper I plan to share detailed statistics to support the knowledge that I found as well bring light to a very sensitive social problem. In the movie Losing Isaiah, there are two women of dramatically different social, economic, and ethnic circumstances locked into a bitter child custody dispute in this emotionally powerful drama. Khailia Richards (Halle Berry) is a poor and drug- ddicted single mother who, while stumbling out of a crack house one night, accidentally leaves her infant son Isaiah in a cardboard box near a trash heap. The next morning, Khailia realizes to her horror that she left her baby behind, and she runs back to the crack spot to retrieve him. However, the baby is missing, and after much search, she presumes that he must be dead. As it turns out, the baby was spotted in the nick of time by sanitation workers and rushed to a hospital, where at the insistence of social worker Margaret Lewin Oessica Lange) the babys life was saved. Margarets heart goes out to the baby, who, along with illnesses brought about by neglect, suffers from emotional and educational problems often associated with children whose mothers used cocaine during pregnancy. Margaret, a white woman, adopts Isaiah and raises the child with the help of her husband Charles. Four years later, Khailia has successfully gone through drug rehabilitation and holds down a steady and responsible Job as a nanny and housekeeper. She learns by chance that Isaiah is still alive, and she quickly hires an attorney to help her reclaim custody of her son. However, Margaret loves the child and is not about to give him up without a battle in court. This movie made me question who is right? Does pigmentation or culture matter? Above all, what has love got to do with it? Social workers and Judges in Juvenile courts across the country are daily making these decisions of terminating parental rights and placing children in what they see as stable homes. Losing Isaiah is not a fantasy but a present reality. How to resolve these issues of custody is the dilemma for all involved. There are not any easy answers. I entered OKDHS custody of the age of six. After 12 years, I aged out of OKDHS custody and by the time I had left it was documented that I had experienced over 42 different placements. This is defiantly excessive but not uncommon. Throughout my experience in DHS custody I had a variety of pasta beer and I want that I ever truly consider the nationality of my foster parents. As an adult I didnt realize that Denmark early in the developmental years I nave black and I believe that was definitely needed to help me create and develop identity that I had. As I got older, I begin to realize that there were not as many foster homes available for teenagers. I also believe that this is definitely an influence to the reason why I was placed with more white foster parents. At the age of 16 1 met the individuals that are currently consider my parents. Yes, they are white but I often question if I would be the same person if they had adopted me form birth. When transracial placements first begin in the United States in the years following World War II, they were generally applauded or ignored by social service professionals and the black community. Social workers. When transracial placements first begin in the United States in the years ollowing World War II, they were generally a applauded or ignored by social service professionals and the black community. Social workers expressed some anxiety about the workability of these placement, the little doubt about the need for desirability as a number of transracial adoptions increased dramatically in the late 1960s, criticism greatly increased. The changing was due to a rise in movement, it is greater emphasis on the ethnic pride led many racial cultural minorities to question transracial placements. Increasing criticism developed within the black community Native Americans also expressed deep concern about the relatively large numbers of Indian children placed with wiping objections the transitional placements 1970 when the national Association of Black social workers expressed vehement opposition to the actual practice of transracial adoption. They even went farther and stated that that placing black children and white homes is a form of cultural genocide. As a result of this criticism, it was definitely a noticeable decline in transracial adoptions. It is noted that since the national Association of Black social workers expressed its bjections, the adoption of black children by whites have diminished considerably. Yet the adoption of Asians by whites have continued at a level of several thousand a year, and has been a moderate expansion in number of Central and South American children adopted by white parents. According to the adoption of foster care analysis reporting system from June 2006, African-American children comprise about 60% of the total population under the age of 18 yellow. Reports state that 34% of the children in foster care in 2006 were African-American. These numbers can truly be ut wrenching and somewhat shocking. Knowing the numbers it is clear to understand why there are so many African-American children in foster care. It is easy to see how transracial adoptions and placements could take place. The question really comes to be is transracial placements in the best interests of the children. There are a variety of studies that have been done to measure the adjustment of transracial adoptees. Through out my research it was very evident that there is a need for much more research due to the lack of current day data. McRoy and Zurcher eported the first of studies in 1983. This investigation compared 30 white families who adopted black children with 30 black families would adopt black children. I was truly intrigued by their findings. The transracial familys predominately live in white communities and their children attended predominantly white schools. The study showed that racial differences where rarely discussed at home. The children felt they had little in common with blacks and had no desire to associate with. Out of the 30- transracial adoption families only six described as acknowledging their childrens acial identi ty and the need to provide them witn a black role models. In the final group, six families consider their family structure to be interracial, their children and integrated schools, and encourage them to emphasize their black heritage. As for the interracial adopting black families they predominantly lived in black communities that would assume that the children were replaced in kinships and association with black peers. Stating they will not have problems with identity. The authors were deeply concerned about the children whose problems with race I idnt have been described above. They were concerned with the white parents whose attitudes encourage this. They were even more concerned with the Whites parents ability to respond to the necessity of equipping the child to become bicultural and to realistically receive the historical cultural black-white relations in American society I believe that their efforts were definitely beneficial to the social work in todays society. Personally, Im not opposed to transracial or interracial adoption but I do feel that there are key steps family should take to prepare for dopting a child that is not from their race. I also believe that there should be detailed training and resources provided to the families that have decided to make the step toward transracial adoption. Saying color doesnt matter is Just as bad as saying one is racist. You cant ignore an individuals race and you defiantly shouldnt teach a child to ignore their race. Race is a part of one identity and it must be taught to be embraced. Love can be shown to anyone at any time but the ability to truly embrace ones identity is a reflection of oneself. Mcroy, R. and Zurcher, L. Transracial and inracial adoptees. Springfield, IL: Charles Thomas, 1983. Silverman, A. R. with D. Witzman. Nonrelative adoption in the United States. In Adoption is worldwide perspective. RAC Hokesbegen, ed. Berwyn, PA: Swets North America, 1986 Amuzie Chimezier, Transracial adoption of black children. 1975 BelgraveAllison , African American Psychology from Africa to America, 2nd Edtion 2010 Nam Soon Huh and William J. Reid, International social work , 2000 Losing Isaiah. Dir. Stephen Gyllenhaal. Perf. Halle Berry, Samue L. Jacson. 1995.

Female delinquency in sociology and criminology Essay

Female delinquency in sociology and criminology - Essay Example The women's movement has caused assertiveness and was said to encourage young women to adopt certain "male behaviors" such as drinking, stealing, and fighting. The social and environmental risk factors also contributed to the increase in female delinquency. The study by Lind & Shelden in 1998, as cited by Weiler revealed that the interaction of social class, race, ethnicity, and culture cause young women to behave violently (65). The research showed that girls from low-income families seek recognition by adopting a "bad girl" image because of their disappointment of not being able to attain a college degree. Furthermore, in a study by Artz, he showed that a girl’s poor school performance increases their risk of violence and delinquency, more than boys (66). In the same study, Art also found out that women jailed for crimes as compared with their male counterparts, usually are victims of previous sexual or physical abuse. In conclusion, although there is an increase in female d elinquency over the past few years, one can still say that in general, girls are still less delinquent than boys because of their nurturing qualities. It can be observed however, that social and environmental factors contribute a lot to female delinquency.

Stylistic analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stylistic analysis - Coursework Example In his column for Time Magazine (Krauthammer â€Å"Dignity†), written shortly after the memorial was opened, Krauthammer supported the decision to eschew the desires of many disability advocates and in a prominent sculpture, cover FDR’s wheelchair. Typical of Krauthammer’s writing style, he took the issue and transformed it into a scathing criticism of contemporary politicians’ penchant for self-exposure. This is something Krauthammer does often in his polemic style of writing: he starts out discussing one topic and adeptly switches it to another to effectively make his point, with wit and plenty of logic. A review of his most recent columns, published in The Washington Post and in 200 other newspapers and media outlets, demonstrates this technique. In another of his columns about the FDR memorial, for example, he starts off by talking about the movie â€Å"Pearl Harbor,† which he calls â€Å"an engagingly ramshackle mess of comical improbabilities, 40s clichà ©s and dialogue so corny it must have been (was it?) deliberate† (Krauthammer â€Å"Campaign†). Krauthammer then uses a scene in the movie, which has President Roosevelt uncharacteristically open about his disability, to illustrate how both the movie and the memorial went against Roosevelt’s wishes to conceal his disabilities. It is an effective tool, one made more powerful when the reader remembers that the one using the tool is also a user of a wheelchair, and most likely holds the same opinions about disability as FDR did. While Krauthammer has never gone on the record expressing those opinions, his behavior and dignity would seem to support it. Krauthammer’s disability occurred when he was a first-year medical student at Harvard University, in a diving accident. In spite of this, he graduated with his class in 1975 and went on to a successful medical practice, with a wide range of publications in his field of psychiatry

Marketing Take-home Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Take-home Exam - Essay Example Information To conduct accurate and relevant marketing research, marketing intelligence plays a very crucial role by providing the necessary information. However, McDonald must determine what information it needs. There are two major questions relating to the sources of information i.e. (1) What are the internal information sources? and (2) what are the external information sources? External sources of information must include necessary data relating to the key competitors and target consumers. McDonald’s must access the relevant published sources to analysis the key strengths, weaknesses and market share of the competitors. This external information must indicate the recent developments taken place in the market and among the competitors. Consumers’ changing behavior also needs to be identified using the external information. On the other hand, internal sources of information are also very crucial. However, obtaining such information is an easy task for McDonaldâ€℠¢s as it needs coordination with cross-functional departments. Hence, McDonald’s must carry out data-base analysis to understand the up-sale and cross-sale opportunities and to identify the potential consumers. Communication Primary difference between market intelligence and marketing research is the basic communicational process. In market intelligence, there is better communication between the decision makers and market intelligence analysts. On the other hand, communication is necessary for gathering and disseminating external and internal information. However, in market intelligence, the two most important questions relating to communication are ‘how to develop better communication for gathering information?’ and ‘how to develop communication for decision making?’ For gathering external and internal information, better communication is necessary. McDonald’s must implement IT systems like RFID and SAP for developing interference-free data g athering. It helps to build a flawless and continuous communication system (Koster and Munoz, 2009, p.358). For better decision making process, using the market intelligence process ‘two-way communication’ is an effective method. To develop two-way communication, McDonald’s must focus on better cross-functional communication and superior interaction level with the employees and management. Integrated marketing communication (IMC) is the most suitable approach as IMC helps to build an effective internal and external communications. People and Processes Managing the people and processes are challenging tasks for producing accurate and relevant outcome from market intelligence process. The first criterion in marketing research is to identify and develop research question. Once this task is over, McDonald must synchronize and manage the entire process. Two primary questions in this area are â€Å"how to involve relevant people in marketing intelligence process? and ‘how to develop effective and accurate process?’ McDonald’s must identify key employees to involve them in market intelligence process. Motivation and transparency are the two vital factors in this process. McDonald

Discrimination Concerning African Americans Essay Example for Free

Discrimination Concerning African Americans Essay Differences in race lead to divergent levels of economic development within the United States. Analysts often try to explain this phenomenon by observing a specific ethnic groups tradition and cultural ideology. Economists expand their analysis on the economic behaviors of African Americans by taking into consideration personal histories and value systems of the group under study. American families measure economic status in terms of income, and factors associated with material security as a whole. These factors may consist of health care, college funds, and retirement plans. However, African American families lag well behind when conceptualizing economic development under these terms. The reason is due to numerous instances of discrimination that occur in the U. S. Many of Americas public policies aid in the underdevelopment of non-white families. Increased economic development within America is the key to upward political and social mobility. If minorities are denied inevitable rights to equality, access to economic development becomes a highly difficult process. Despite Americas idealized view on equal opportunity, it is valid to assume that economic security has been limited on the basis of race. Therefore, it is important to investigate why white American families are economically better-off than non-white American families. One must take into account aspects of political participation, education, and the number of children a family has in the home in order to understand this research question. Contemporary Viewpoints: The lack of political participation of minority groups is a prevalent issue within the United States, explaining why non-white American families are less economically developed when compared to white American families. According to Douglas S. Massey (1995), minority families increasingly speak languages and bear cultures quite different than the established norms within the U. S. regime. He has found that ethnic groups carry their customs into new generations, leading many non-white families to become displaced and impoverished. Brinck Kerr and Will Miller (1997) believe that it is necessary for non-white American families to participate in elections in order to obtain equal representation that they are now lacking. They go on to say that political representation is the key to higher employment levels, and is a significant determinant to the minority share of professional positions. William H. Frey (1996) finds that immigrants usually encounter highly stratified society characterized by high income inequality leaving little room for upward mobility. In addition, Paula D. Mcklain (1990) assumes that non-white American families will continue to reside in low economic subcultures that are institutionally incomplete if they are represented at much lower ratios relative to the population portions of whites. Susan Welch (1990) has found that minority groups have not even achieved half their population proportions in political elections. These numbers are even lower than what they were a decade ago. She states that other factors that lead to low political participation within minority groups is that a substantial number of non-white American families are not citizens, and therefore are not eligible to vote. Also, Massey has found that America enacts policies that hinder the socioeconomic status of immigrants for they are underrepresented at virtually all levels and institutions in United States government. Moreover, Friedberg and Hunt (1995) have found that non-white American families receive less benefits than white families because of geographic segregation within the community. The various dispersion of minority families in different low-income areas within the U. S. makes it difficult for these families to be represented proportionally. Consequently, Rodney E. Hero and Caroline J. Tolbert (1995) believe minority families can now be easily manipulated by government because they are not equally accounted for. Therefore, non-white American families are not able to take advantage of economically developed determinants such as health care and retirement funds. The inscription of the Statue of liberty expresses to the world to give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free. America continuously contradicts itself on the validity of this concept due to the increasingly economic tension between Caucasian and non-white families. Friedberg and Hunt (1995) give the example of Proposition 187, which makes many non-white American families ineligible for certain services such as public health. Non-white American families are not given the opportunity to take advantage of benefactors the U. S. offers to white American families. Therefore, Non-white American families lack of political participation, and unequal representation in governmental institutions and legislative bodies, leads them to be less economically developed than white American families. Education is another obstacle to economic development that non-white families face. Education is a vital tool to economic security. However, Melissa Marschall (1997) has found that current policies demonstrate minorities have been denied equal access to education. She has found that assignment systems based on assessments of language deficiencies or other individual needs are used to separate non-whites from whites. According to Jeffrey J. Mondack and Diana C. Mutz (1997), inequitable school financing is equally detrimental to non-white students. Funding for public schools comes from property taxes. They go along to say that predomintly non-white schools tend to be in central inner city school districts which have a smaller property tax base. In addition, the Office of Civil Rights has identified practices that are termed second generation school discrimination. Practices such as ability grouping, suspensions, and tracking may appear on the surface to be normal educational practices. When examining these components closer, Brick Kerr and Will Miller (1997) have found they have a negative impact on minority students. Ability grouping is a form of segregation that separates minority students from whites. They have found that before even attempting to teach non-white students, they are diagnosed with having linguistic or intellectual problems. The students are therefore required to take special and bilingual classes, making it difficult for them to succeed. According to Robert E. England (1986), non-white students are many times pulled out of regular classes and placed into bilingual classes only on the basis of ethnicity rather than their understanding of English. Brick and Miller go on to explain that suspensions are a second tactic used to encourage the failure of minority students in school. Non-white students are given more harsh disciplinary sentences than white students. Moreover, studies show that the ratio of minority students kicked out of school is disproportionately higher than whites, making the students more likely to drop out. Marschall has found that schools also advocate differences in ability grouping and discipline, leading to distinctions in tracking between non-whites and whites. The majority white students in high ability groups are often counseled to choose college preparatory tracks. However, minorities in low ability groups are counseled into vocational or general tracks, making them less likely to attend post-secondary education. Mondack and Mutz believe that the overall pattern of racial inequality the school system has created makes non-whites less likely to receive a quality education than whites. This truth makes it difficult for economic development to occur within non-white American families. The number of children in a family lead to increased poverty levels and low economic development within non-white American families. M. Klitsch (1990) has found that minority women have children at an extensively higher rate than that of white women. Also, he states that non-white women represent a small percentage of the population, however they account for a greater number of births. Alejandro Portes and Cynthia Truelove (1987) go on to say that non-white families are generally poorer than white families because of the higher number of children in the home. This leads them to be more likely to live below the poverty line. In addition, Genevieve M. Kenney and Nancy E. Reichman (1998) have found the population of non-whites increases faster than whites every year due to high fertility rates. Similarly, the two have found that fertility rates of non-whites families living in impoverished communities is almost double compared to white families. Klitsch has found that non-white families have an estimated 5. 5 people to a household, while white families only 3. 8. Therefore, these high rates lead to low socioeconomic status, and limited opportunities to increase economic security. According to Kenney and Reichman, the high fertility rates are due to low percentages of minorities who use contraceptives. They have also found that non-white women are less likely to have an abortion than white women. One might view this as a positive aspect. However, Portes and Truelove believe that one must take into account the over a quarter of minority families who have an income below the federal poverty line, which is almost one half greater than those of white families. Therefore, the high number of children within non-white American families make them more likely to experience economic deprivation than white American families. There has been an abundance of scholarly research previously conducted on the economic differences between white and non-white American families. They usually consist of data sources such as the U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, and the U. S. bureau of the Census. The Foreign Born Population of the United States and Statistical Reports are used with the previously listed sources to compare ethnic groups (Friedberg and Hunt, pg. 5). These databases yield cross-sectional designs that develop into time series reports in order to make assumptions on variables dealing with GNP and income, proving distinct differences in the races under study. For instance, researchers assume that white families are more economically developed than non-whites. This is because the average white American family makes $44,000 a year, and the average non-white American family does not make half this amount (6-7). These figures are valid in drawing conclusions about correlative relationships, satisfying important ideological factors necessary to study when dealing with the dependent variable of race. A more effective method of analysis was a study derived from interviews in a low income Los Angeles county. The participants were white and non-white females. The study was conducted between January 1984 and May 1985 (M. Kitsch, 136-137). In addition, the sample consisted of a three-stage cluster of census tracks, blocks, and household addresses. This cross-sectional design embodied research dealing with fertility rates of different races. The minority women proved to have higher fertility rates in low income sectors, leading Klitsch to question the different ways non-white American families conceptualize economic development. Non-white American families have to deal with numerous accounts of racial discrimination. It is difficult for a non-white American family to become economically stable in terms of income and security plans. The reason is due to being a minority in a predominately white America. Therefore, non-white American families are less economically developed than white American families because: H1 non-white American families are less likely to participate in elections than white American families. H2 non-white Americans are more likely to be discriminated against in school than white Americans. H3 the more children in a household, the more likely a family will be economically deprived. Implications and Conclusion: Education, political participation, and the number of children a family has all affect the levels of economic development within the household for white American families. Even though education levels has a stronger affect toward higher levels of income, when the three variables are measured together, they are all highly statistically significant. In non-white American homes, education levels appears to be the key determinant of their economic status. Further test need to be measured in reference to how the number of children a family has and political participation affect the economic security of non-white American families. With this, the above hypotheses will prove to have more validity. However, in both cases it was important to measure education, the number of children a family has, and political participation together in order to understand the affect these variables have on each other, and how this affect leads to higher or lower levels of economic development within the family. These multivariate studies are also important in predicting the affect the independent variables will have on total family income in the future. It can be assumed that the highest year of school completed will continue to have a strong affect toward economic development in the future for both white and non-white American families. In addition, the number of children in a white American family and their political participation are significant variables to measure when determining their economic standpoint in future years to come. There are alternative approaches to identifying explanations to why non-white American families are less economically developed than white American families. One example is the difference in income between non-white and white American families who have single parents and ones that have two parents. Another alternative approach is identifying education as only an antecedent variable, and observing how it relates to occupation, the true independent variable under study. From here, one can observe how economic development is related to a persons occupation within the home. As anyone who walks the streets of Americas largest cities knows, there has been a profound transformation of different ethnic cultures within the United States. The rapidity of the change has led to growing competition of economic development between white and non-white American families. This competition has lead to ethnic prejudice and discrimination as the United States continues to assimilate into the melting pot for the American dream. Political participation, education, and the number of children within the home are variables that allow the transition to become a less arduous process for white American families. However, if non-white American families continue to do poorly in terms of economic development because of these variables, non-whites will continue to lag behind the income scale in comparison to whites. Research along these lines will lead to the study of relative differences between ethnic cultures. An example is the discovery of why almost half the number of minorities return to their country of origin after experiences of economic injustice. Previous research may also benefit other analysis in the field of economics by itemizing fertility rates in terms of the higher number of non-white American families who lack the finances to properly nourish their children. These new variables along with my research can in time become valid determinants in explaining why white American families are economically better off that non-white American families.

New England vs. the Chesapeake :: essays research papers

Hello my name is Alma Castro, I am 16 years old and I am now attending Skyline High School for the Child Care Cluster. I live with my mom, dad, 1 sister (Cynthia who is 14), and 2 brothers (Alfredo 12 and Eduardo 9) in a house in Oak Cliff. My house is about 5 minutes from downtown Dallas. My family and I enjoy going to the movies, the park, and going out to eat as a family. But this is only the beginning of what I am about to tell you about my life. I was born on October 25, 1988 in the Mexico in the City of Juarez. I only lived in Mexico for about 3 years but while I lived there my mom said I gave her the biggest scare of her life. She said that when I was about a year and six months I got out of the house and went to a neighbor’s house to play without her knowing. When she started to look for me and couldn’t find me she got scared, then all my uncles noticed and so they started to help her. She said that after looking for about an hour I came out from that house like nothing had happened. Then on June 20, 1991 my little sister was born. My mom said that when my little sister was born I became very responsible and helpful. She also said that I was very calm and happy all the time. Then in June 1992 we moved to Dallas with my aunt and 3 older cousins. Living with my aunt was all right we had our good and bad times; we were all bunched up in a small house in Duncanville. A couple of months later we moved to a bigger house in the same neighborhood. Our next-door neighbors were very nice they really made us feel welcomed. Living at this house I started preschool. I went to a school that was only 4 blocks from the house, so my mom use to take my 2 younger cousins, our 2 neighbors (who by the way are twins), and me to school walking. I remember that when we all go home from school we would all go outside and play in the backyard. Then in May 27, 1993 my brother Alfredo was born so my dad decided to get a house of our own.

Teaching and Education Philosophy :: Teaching Education Philosophy

Teaching and Education Philosophy My philosophy is that an educator is the most valuable resource our country has. Of all the jobs or careers in this world none of them would be possible without teachers. There are two main points to my philosophy, why teachers are important and who teachers are. Hopefully reading my philosophy will give you a better understanding of the importance of educators in this world. Teachers are very important in our society because we need them to provide our youth with the knowledge and social experiences they will need to improve their future and the future of the entire planet. As a teacher I hope to be able influence many lives and help students understand what education can do for them and their future. I can recall only one teacher from high school who actually talked about college and what we would need to do to be better prepared for college. Dr. Lawrence was my eleventh grade chemistry teacher. He had been a college professor at George Mason University for around 30 years before he decided to teach at my school. He brought a college like atmosphere into our classroom, which helped us, prepare for the way things would be in college. This is just a small example of what teachers are for, to educate students on more than just books or academics but on life. Teachers are more than just people who relay information about a certain subject . Who teachers are, they are anyone and everyone. Teachers are grandmothers, fathers, brothers, and sisters. For anything to be learned it must be taught. I remember many times my mom and dad sitting me down to talk about some situations that might come about and telling me ways to deal with them. Classroom teachers especially in the early years are the people that those students will see most throughout the course of the day and will learn